The humerus is located in which region of the body?
Anatomy - Nursing Entrance
The humerus is the long bone of the upper arm, from shoulder to elbow.
What is the total number of cervical vertebrae in a normal human spinal column?
Anatomy - Nursing Entrance
The human spine has 7 cervical vertebrae (C1-C7), regardless of neck length.
The largest gland in the human body is the:
Anatomy - Nursing Entrance
The liver is the largest internal organ/gland, weighing roughly 1.5 kg.
Which epithelial tissue type lines the alveoli of the lungs to allow rapid gas diffusion?
Anatomy - Nursing Entrance
A
Simple squamous epithelium
B
Stratified squamous epithelium
C
Simple cuboidal epithelium
D
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Simple squamous epithelium is a single thin layer, ideal for rapid gas exchange in the alveoli.
The anatomical term proximal means:
Anatomy - Nursing Entrance
A
Farther from the trunk or point of attachment
B
Closer to the trunk or point of attachment
C
Toward the midline of the body
Proximal means closer to the trunk or point of origin; its opposite is distal.
Which bone is known as the "heel bone"?
Anatomy - Nursing Entrance
The calcaneus is the heel bone.
The master endocrine gland located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica is the:
Anatomy - Nursing Entrance
The pituitary gland is the master endocrine gland - it controls most other endocrine glands.
Which heart valve prevents the backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium?
Anatomy - Nursing Entrance
The bicuspid (mitral) valve sits between the left atrium and left ventricle.
The basic structural and functional unit of compact bone is the:
Anatomy - Nursing Entrance
B
Osteon (Haversian system)
The osteon (Haversian system) is the structural unit of compact bone.
The hormone responsible for lowering blood glucose levels by facilitating glucose uptake into cells is:
Physiology - Nursing Entrance
Insulin, secreted by pancreatic beta cells, lowers blood glucose by promoting cellular uptake.
What is the normal resting blood pressure range for a healthy young adult?
Physiology - Nursing Entrance
120/80 mmHg is the standard normal reference blood pressure.
Oxygen in the blood is primarily transported bound to:
Physiology - Nursing Entrance
B
Hemoglobin in erythrocytes
Hemoglobin in erythrocytes is the iron-rich protein that carries most blood oxygen.
The primary pacemaker of the normal human heart is the:
Physiology - Nursing Entrance
A
Atrioventricular (AV) node
The sinoatrial (SA) node generates the heart's natural electrical impulses.
In the nephron, where does the majority of selective reabsorption occur?
Physiology - Nursing Entrance
A
Distal convoluted tubule
C
Proximal convoluted tubule
The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs roughly 65% of filtered water and solutes.
Which part of the brain controls vital autonomous functions like heart rate and respiration?
Physiology - Nursing Entrance
The medulla oblongata controls involuntary cardiac and respiratory centers.
The phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart ventricles contract and pump blood out is:
Physiology - Nursing Entrance
Systole is the phase of ventricular contraction and ejection.
What is the functional unit of contraction within a skeletal muscle fiber?
Physiology - Nursing Entrance
The sarcomere - the segment between two Z-lines - is the functional contractile unit.
Which blood type is considered the "universal donor" for packed red blood cells?
Physiology - Nursing Entrance
O negative lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, making it the universal donor type.
In human cell division, mitosis produces:
General Biology - Nursing Entrance
A
Two genetically identical diploid daughter cells
B
Four non-identical haploid daughter cells
C
Two haploid daughter cells
D
Four diploid daughter cells
Mitosis maintains chromosome number, producing two genetically identical diploid daughter cells.
Which protein synthesis structure is synthesized inside the nucleolus?
General Biology - Nursing Entrance
B
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) / Ribosomes
The nucleolus synthesizes ribosomal RNA and ribosomal subunits.
In genetics, an organism with two identical alleles for a specific gene (e.g., AA or aa) is:
General Biology - Nursing Entrance
Homozygous means having two identical alleles for a given trait.
The vector responsible for transmitting the parasite Plasmodium (causing Malaria) is the:
General Biology - Nursing Entrance
B
Female Anopheles mosquito
The female Anopheles mosquito transmits malaria - she needs a blood meal for egg production.
Severe protein deficiency in diet despite adequate caloric intake leads to:
General Biology - Nursing Entrance
Kwashiorkor is protein-calorie malnutrition that leads to edema, despite adequate calories.
Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of blood clotting factors in the liver?
General Biology - Nursing Entrance
Vitamin K is essential for synthesizing clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X.
An enzyme speeds up a biochemical reaction by:
General Biology - Nursing Entrance
A
Increasing the temperature of the reaction
B
Lowering the activation energy of the reaction
C
Changing the equilibrium position
D
Consuming reactant molecules
Enzymes catalyze reactions by lowering the activation energy, without being consumed.
Bacteria that require oxygen to survive and reproduce are classified as:
General Biology - Nursing Entrance
Obligate aerobes require oxygen for cellular respiration.
In DNA, the nitrogenous base Adenine always pairs with:
General Biology - Nursing Entrance
Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T) via two hydrogen bonds in DNA.
A solution with a pH value of 3.0 is considered:
Chemistry - Nursing Entrance
A pH lower than 7 is acidic; pH 3 is strongly acidic.
The laboratory process used to separate solid particles (like blood cells) from liquid (plasma) using high-speed rotation is:
Chemistry - Nursing Entrance
Centrifugation uses rotational force to separate components by density.
In chemistry, an oxidation reaction involves the:
Chemistry - Nursing Entrance
Remember "OIL RIG": Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain - oxidation is the loss of electrons.
The SI unit used to measure the amount of substance in chemistry is the:
Chemistry - Nursing Entrance
The mole is the standard SI unit for amount of substance (6.022 x 10^23 particles).
Which type of chemical bond involves the equal or unequal sharing of electron pairs between atoms?
Chemistry - Nursing Entrance
A covalent bond involves sharing of valence electrons between atoms.
A mixture in which solute particles do not dissolve but remain suspended throughout the solvent medium is a:
Chemistry - Nursing Entrance
A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture where particles settle out over time.
Which electrolyte is the primary cation in the extracellular fluid (ECF)?
Chemistry - Nursing Entrance
Sodium is the main extracellular cation; potassium is the main intracellular cation.
The device used to measure the specific gravity of liquid, such as urine, is a:
Chemistry - Nursing Entrance
A hydrometer/urinometer measures the relative density (specific gravity) of a fluid.
According to Avogadro's law, one mole of any ideal gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP) occupies:
Chemistry - Nursing Entrance
22.4 L is the standard molar volume of an ideal gas at STP.
The first step in the systematic Nursing Process is:
Foundations of Nursing - Nursing Entrance
ADPIE sequence: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation.
In vital sign measurement, an abnormally fast heart rate (above 100 beats per minute) is termed:
Foundations of Nursing - Nursing Entrance
Tachycardia is a resting heart rate above 100 bpm.
Infection control measures aimed at preventing the transmission of pathogens between patients and healthcare providers are known as:
Foundations of Nursing - Nursing Entrance
A
Standard precautions / Aseptic technique
Standard precautions / aseptic technique are the core infection-prevention protocols.
When placing an unconscious breathing casualty who has no spinal injury, which position is recommended to maintain an open airway?
Foundations of Nursing - Nursing Entrance
C
Recovery position (Lateral recumbent)
The recovery position keeps the tongue away from the back of the throat and lets fluids drain.
What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for adult Basic Life Support (CPR) with a single rescuer?
Foundations of Nursing - Nursing Entrance
30:2 - 30 chest compressions to 2 rescue breaths for adult single-rescuer CPR.
Subjective data in nursing assessment refers to:
Foundations of Nursing - Nursing Entrance
A
Information observed directly by the nurse (e.g., blood pressure reading)
B
Diagnostic laboratory test results
C
Information reported by the patient (e.g., pain scale score, feeling nauseous)
D
Physical examination findings
Subjective data is what the patient reports - symptoms like pain or nausea.
Which degree burn affects the epidermis and part of the dermis, typically causing blister formation?
Foundations of Nursing - Nursing Entrance
A
First-degree (Superficial) burn
B
Second-degree (Partial-thickness) burn
C
Third-degree (Full-thickness) burn
A second-degree burn extends into the dermis and characteristically causes fluid-filled blisters.
The hospital-acquired infection that a patient contracts after admission is technically called a:
Foundations of Nursing - Nursing Entrance
B
Nosocomial infection (HAI)
A nosocomial infection (HAI) is one contracted during a hospital stay.
The ethical principle in nursing that emphasizes doing good and acting in the patient's best interest is:
Foundations of Nursing - Nursing Entrance
Beneficence is the ethical principle of acting for the patient's benefit.
